It has made many young university graduates demoralized. Also, the findings revealed that unemployment in nigeria increased from 21. According to economoywatch website unemployment is the one most critical problem for egypt over a few decades and it has increased significantly since year 1960. Total unemployment in egypt, in 1960 was less than 200,000. Northern africa still exhibits the highest unemployment rate globally, at 12.
The paradox of education and unemployment in egypt. Facing the growing unemployment challenges in africa. However, unemployment is not the only problem in relation to the labour market in egypt. Egypts economic reform program has been praised by international institutions, which say the process has pushed up growth rates, reduced unemployment rates and trimmed the budget deficit. By 1976, total unemployment rose to 850,000 and by 1986 this figure was more than two million. The egyptian center for economic studies eces has posed a challenge to revisit the problem of employment and unemployment in egypt. Unemployment rate can be defined by either the national definition, the ilo harmonized definition, or the oecd harmonized definition. The nature of unemployment the unemployment problem in egypt is more related to labor market insertion finding the. Unemployment has been an important challenge facing egypt for more than two decades and remains so. The issue of youth unemployment in egypt, while significant, needs to be. Unemployment in egypt is the same as in all other countries but tends to be slighly warmer than liverpool. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. Unemployment down in egypt but maintaining trend is a. The ministry representative revealed that approximately 15 million women are housewives and that the reason behind the high unemployment rate amongst women was due to cultural perceptions of gender roles.
The issue of unemployment has been one of the most pressing problems. The total number of employed persons in february 2019 is estimated at 400 million against 406 million in the yearago period and 407. In order to understand the issue of youth unemployment in egypt, it. Youth unemployment in egypt is concentrated among those with a university education. The demography of employment and unemployment in egypt from. With the exception of the highincome gulf countries, the total employment ratio in mena is low compared to countries at similar levels of income, lower by some 15 percentage points. Egypts current labour force is 28 million strong, of which 22 million are male.
Economic study of unemployment in egypt and impacts on gdp. From 2011 to 20 there is an increase of 16% unemployment growth rate in nigeria. In addition, the youth unemployment rate increases with each level of educational attainment. The unemployment rate in egypt in 2006, according to statistics from the central intelligence agency 10. Nonetheless, the problem of youth unemployment is still a dominant feature of the. Unemployment rate has risen so high that in every 10 young people, close to 4 are jobless with requisite qualifications. There are many issues of the global youth unemployment problem that are shared around the world. Plecher, feb 12, 2020 this statistic shows the unemployment rate in egypt from 1999 to 2019.
The problem of youth unemployment in egypt continues to fester and could reach a boiling point. The global youth unemployment crisis duke university. In addition, egypt has been experiencing a shortage in supplies, in particular of petroleum products but also of electricity. We will first take a look at the concept of unemployment. Unemployment in egypt diana arab development portal. In 1960, total unemployment in egypt was less than 200,000. Youth and unemployment in egypt opinion ahram online. Unemployment has been one of the major problems of egypt for over a few decades. Its rate continues to climb and youth between the ages of 15 and 29 are increasingly the most affected. Due to the global economic situation, particularly with regards to falling oil prices, gcc countries have reassessed their economic models, resulting in economic initiatives and reform programmes. Causes, effects and solutions to youth unemployment. He added, youth empowerment is essential, and we need to leave them lead and change the way egypt works.
In exploring four of these issues a skills gap between students and. Unemployment means a person willing to work but unable to find a qualified job. What is the unemployment solution in egypt answers. The unemployment rate in egypt decreased to 8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 compared to 8. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Though egypt unemployment rate fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 1999 2018 period ending at 10. According to egypt independent website egypt unemployment rate rises to 12. The government remains the major provider of nonagricultural employment some 24 percent of the workforce, and the informal sector is the main source of lowproductivity and lowincome employment, especially for women economic growth in the. Among the root causes are problems in the countrys. Unemployment and terrorism in egypt daily news egypt. Doc unemployment causes and effects in egypt bassant.
Unemployment is therefore not a big problem for egyptian males, but poor. Yet, the numbers of educated women are higher than men. Impact evaluation of emergency employment investment project eeip, improving youth employability, egypt 3 executive summary background promoting youth employment has become a policy priority. In the following sections, the problem of unemployment will be investigated. Unemployment appears to be on a downward trend in northern africa, but labour market distress remains pervasive, particularly among women and youth.
Egyptian labour market, and many large and smallscale initiatives have been. Egypts roughly 4060 urbanrural population divide which is growing in favor of the rural areas because of the higher rural population growth and slower and possibly reversal of migration to the urban areas chart 1. Unemployment figures actually fail to provide an adequate understanding of the situation of youth in the. English advanced writing 1 unemployment is one of the major factors that economists look at to evaluate a country, it is a major problem in many states, it is when an individual is currently looking. This phenomena dubbed in literature as educated unemployment can be both. With inflation and fairly constant nominal wages, the real declines could, in principle, clear the market.
Total number of unemployment was less 200,000 in 1960 but it increased to 850,000 in 1967 and by 1986 this figure exceeds 2 million economoywatchwebsite,2010. Our country is facing many problems but one of the serious problem is of unemployment. This is the object of the present poverty and employment in egypt. Official statistics indicate that out of a labor force of 27 million people, around 3. A key aspect of the stunted transition in egypt is the problem of unemployment. The egyptian revolution of 25 january 2011 not only marked a turning point in egypt s political landscape, but also. According to the source, the data are ilo estimates. Getting employed is considered as a prerequisite to a. The statistic shows the youth unemployment rate in egypt from 1999 and 2019. One way in which unemployment might have been reduced would have been for south africa to inflate its way out of the morass.
It is for this reason that countries try their best to have proper economic policies so that at no point in time do they find themselves in a. Finally we will take a look at some suggestions by international community to address unemployment. Unemployment is a problem which affects not just individual people but the financial and economic condition of a whole country. By 1976, that rose to 850,000, and by 1986, the figure stood at more than 2 million. Egypts gen ys in particular were not spared by the menace of youth unemployment, as the country suffers from a disturbingly high rate of 26%. Unemployment as a complex and serious personal and social issue abstract.
The challenge facing egypts youth 2 this policy briefing focuses on the problem of unemployment among tertiary educated. The number of unemployed persons went down by 162 thousand to 2. Unemployment is a global problem and the main factor behind the arab spring. In addition, the unemployment rate reached percent by the end of 2012, 4 percentage points higher than the prejanuary 25, 2011 rate of about 9 percent. Since midjuly 20 the egyptian governments have adopted an economic policy to address these challenges, and. Giawbdoing%20businessdocumentssubnationalreportsdb14egypt. Cairo the unemployment rate in egypt is moving down significantly but maintaining the trend is a daunting mission with cairo needing to boost economic growth and attract foreign investments, economists said. One of the main factors contributing to higher unemployment rates is a labor force that has grown faster than the demand for it, a trend that is likely to continue in the coming years. Successive governments have done little to arrest the situation. However, the youth unemployment problem in egypt and in the. The youth unemployment problem in mena is part of a more general problem of low labour participation rates and total unemployment. The debate quickly moved to the impact of the black bloc group, the antiestablishment movement that stormed egypts political scene on the second anniversary of the january 25 revolution, but the.
I know i will not be the first or the last to write about the problem of unemployment in egypt, but here, i will address in a few lines the disasternot problemof unemployment, which continues to snowball on a daily bases, causing frustration among the youth and their families every hour of every day. The nature of the beast article pdf available in world development 323. In this aspect, the problem is succinctly expressed like this, graduate unemployment fx,u,sgm 1 in terms of individual components, graduate unemployment can be a function of expectation e, uncertainty u, and searching costs s. Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Last week, i contributed to an al jazeera discussion on egypts chronic youth unemployment problem and the rise of political movements among young egyptians. The president of the middle east council for small business and entrepreneurship mcsbe, ahmed osman, said, entrepreneurship is not an option. The problem of unemployment in egypt has increased significantly since the 1960s. Pdf the paradox of education and unemployment in egypt. According to economywatchwebsite egypt had an average unemployment rate of 8. Most of the young age people, who have a professional degree, have to struggle for a good and suitable job for themselves due to an underdeveloped and inefficient education system and lack of vacancies in relevant sectors of major.